Throughout history, the swimsuit has been highly contested and its evolution was fraught with battles of modesty and acceptability. In the Victorian Era, woman essentially wore dresses to the beach and it was scandalous to show your knees. Fast forward to the 90s and trying to cover even your private parts was considered prudish. In the time in-between, women tried many different cuts, fabrics, and colors to push the boundaries of modesty in order to express their femininity. More than any garment worn in public, a woman’s swimsuit puts the woman’s body one display. Depending on how it is interpreting, a woman could use her swimwear to show her feminine power but swimwear could also be used as a patriarchal tool to define how woman should look. I personally chose to view the swimsuit as an empowerment tool to push societal boundaries of modesty and express herself in the way she pleases.Now in 2016, we have the opportunity to wear any kind of swimsuit: one pieces, bikinis, monokini, tankinis, and any other cut. By looking at the history of swimwear, we can see the struggles woman who have come before us went through for the right to bear their skin and have fun on their own terms.Â
Late 1940s/1950s:
The Birth of The Bikini
Although it took over two decades for the bikini to reach its full popularity, it was officially created in 1946 by Louis Réard. The bikini was named after the atomic bomb testing site of Bikini Atoll, and Réard believe the bikini would get the same explosive results! During the 50s, the bikini was still seen as a piece that was only worn by adult movie stars or famous actresses. Instead, a one structured one piece suit was a more common choice for the everyday woman. The 50s was all about the hourglass shape(think Marilyn Monroe and Betty Paige) so the one pieces would have a corset inspired fit to get that nipped in waist.
1960s:
The Popularization of the Bikini and the Beginning of the Sexual Revolution
By the time the 60s were ushered in, the stigma attached to bikinis as too sexual or reveling dissolved. Bikini’s became a stylish and desirable piece for every woman’s wardrobe. The bikini worn in the 60s was different from the modern bikini in that it was not as reveling; the bottoms always covered a woman’s rear and had a high waist that fell just below the belly button. Beyond the bare bodied trend, women loved to experiment with pattern and fabrics. It was hard to find a bikini without a fun print, a psychedelic inspired design, cutouts or plastic inserts. The 60s was the beginning of the sexual revolution; women wanted to bear it all and for once, no one was complaining. Modesty was out and liberating the skin was in.
**Special Mention**
Rudi Gernreich’s Monokini
In line with the sexual exploration of the 60s woman, Designer Rudi Gernreich unveiled his bare breasted ‘Monokini’. Yes, you heard me right: a suit that let your boobs hang free(#freethenipple). This was Gernreich’s stand against a sexual repressive society but the suit was outlawed on most public beaches and was renounced by the Vatican.
1970s:
Experimentation and Psychadelic Mindset
The sexual revolution started in the 60s was now in full swing. Women felt they had the right and freedom to dress their bodies in whatever way made them happy and feel sexy. Due to this, swimsuit cuts and colors varied more widely than ever before. Designers went crazy with bra-inspired bikinis, fun printed cover-ups, and a new sexy take on the classic one piece swimsuit. One of the most notable events in swimwear during the 70s was the crowning of the a new sexy swimwear queen. Actress Farrah Fawcett became the face of swimwear in her iconic sexy red one piece. There weren’t any major transformations of the swimsuit in this decade but it was a decade of exploration and modification.
1980s:
The End of Modesty and The Beginning of the Less is More
With every decade that passes, old ideas of modesty and limits of the cuts of swimwear were quickly eroding. In the 80s, any modesty that had once existed in swim fashion was now gone. The 80s was obsessed with bright colored, crazy patterned, and scandalous pieces to grab all the attention. High cut one pieces were still popular, thong bikini bottoms gave a sexy look and avoided tan lines, and bikini tops a few sizes too small were all acceptable on the beach.
1990s:
The 80s Hyper Sexual Sister and The Pretzel Bikini
In many ways, the 90s was the more scandalous and sexually expressive sister of the 80s. The 90s still was a big fan of garish colors and prints but cut the amount of fabric covering the body in half. Swimwear was now had to serve many purposes for women: sun tanning, playing, swimming, and displaying. Going to the beach was an opportunity to show of the fit tanned ideal body popular at the time, so any excess fabric was doing a disservice to the hard work women put in the upkeep that look. The ideal suit for this was was the bikini/one piece hybrid known as the pretzel. It was a twist of spandex and lycra that barely covered a woman’s private parts, which showed off as much skin as possible.